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If you've ever wondered what a gravel bike is, this introductory guide has all the answers you're looking for.

Let's start with the definition: also known as a gravel bike (or simply gravel), this type of bicycle—first appearing in the United States—combines the design of a road bike with the practicality of a machine built and equipped to tackle unpaved terrain such as dirt roads and gravel paths (like cycling routes). In fact, the word gravel literally means "small stones" or "gravel," but in recent years, it has taken on a deeper meaning, becoming the symbol of an entire cultural movement, as evidenced by Strava's 2024 data.

A gravel bike is a true "hybrid," born from mountain biking and developed through cyclocross. It merges two completely different worlds, yet today it meets the needs of all types of cyclists—from pure gravel enthusiasts to those passionate about bike touring and bikepacking. Different riding styles, but all united by the same philosophy: escaping the chaos and fully immersing in nature.

Speedster Gravel 20 2024, Scott's entry-level gravel bike with 700x45mm wheels and a Shimano GRX 2x12-speed groupset.

Characteristics of a Gravel Bike

Gravel bikes were born from the desire to make the most of so-called "strade bianche"—well-compacted, smooth dirt roads with little to no traffic. A true dream for any cycling enthusiast. To ride efficiently on these types of roads, you need a bike that is as comfortable as a mountain bike but as fast as a road bike.

Among the key features that make a gravel bike ideal for riding on unpaved terrain, the frame, handlebars, wheels, and tires stand out as the most important. Let’s take a closer look at each of them.

The Frame of a Gravel Bike

The frame of a gravel bike closely resembles that of a road bike. However, upon closer inspection, four key differences become apparent:

• A steeper head tube angle
• A more pronounced fork rake
• A taller head tube
• A longer chainstay

These design choices result in a more upright and comfortable riding position, increased stability, and a more relaxed handling experience. Additionally, gravel bike frames come equipped with mounts for fenders, bags, racks, and often extra water bottles, depending on how the bike is intended to be used. While these features may add some weight, they greatly enhance comfort and versatility.

Enve MOG 2025 Gravel Frame Geometry.

The Handlebars of a Gravel Bike

The handlebar is the most noticeable difference between a gravel bike frame and a road bike frame. While the "drops" may appear similar, gravel bike handlebars flare outward to provide a more comfortable grip. Additionally, they are positioned up to 3 cm higher for improved ergonomics.

Depending on the degree of flare, different types of gravel handlebars can be identified:

• Cowbell – Features a 12° flare, making it the closest to a traditional road bike handlebar;
• Cowchipper – With a 24° flare, it is ideal for mixed terrains, offering both control and aerodynamics;
• Woodchipper – A favorite among touring cyclists, this handlebar has a 38° flare plus an additional 26° at the ends, combining the advantages of a flat MTB handlebar while still maintaining the three classic road bike hand positions.

Wheels and Tires of a Gravel Bike

Gravel bike wheels and tires share some similarities with MTB setups. Of course, we're not talking about downhill riding, where specialized tires are required to maximize grip and handling on steep, highly technical terrain.

Gravel bikes are typically equipped with narrow to mid-sized knobby tires, designed to provide excellent grip on dirt and gravel while maintaining smooth rolling performance on asphalt. The wider tire section absorbs vibrations better, increasing comfort—ranging from 32 mm to 40-42 mm, compared to the 25 mm found on traditional road bikes.

In terms of diameter, the standard size for gravel bikes is 700C (28"), but 27.5" options are also available for specific needs. This adaptability is one of the key reasons why gravel bikes are so versatile, capable of delivering both the adventure-seeking spirit of mountain biking and the speed-oriented performance of road cycling.

Differences Between Cyclocross and Gravel Bikes

At first glance, gravel bikes might seem very similar to cyclocross bikes, but they are actually designed for different purposes, which results in distinct features.

Cyclocross bikes are essentially race bikes built for short, technical courses featuring mud, grass, and sharp turns. Because of this, they have tighter geometries, a shorter wheelbase, and a more aggressive riding position that shifts weight onto the front wheel for better grip. Additionally, cyclocross bikes have greater bottom bracket clearance, often up to 20 mm higher than gravel bikes. This helps riders navigate obstacles more easily and maintain pedaling efficiency on rough, unpredictable terrain.

Gravel bikes, on the other hand, are designed for long-distance rides on unpaved roads with fewer obstacles and gentler curves. As a result, they feature a longer wheelbase, a more upright riding position, a shorter reach, and a lower bottom bracket. This translates to greater stability, improved comfort, and better speed over long distances.

In summary: